ChamoruWiki - User contributions [en]

Guagua'

2026-10-31T07:21:29Z

Gehilo:

'''Guagua'''' is a Chamorro woven basket made from [[niyok|hågon niyok]].

[[File:guagua_01.jpg|thumb|Woven guagua'05/07/2018]]

== Museum holdings ==

{{#for_external_table:|
* Object #: [{{{SiteURL}}} {{{AccessionNumber}}}] Specimen Count:{{{Quantity}}} — {{{SiteName}}}
|source=my_db
|from=ItemT,SiteT,ChamoruNameT
|data=Quantity=ItemT.Quantity,AccessionNumber=AccessionNumber,SiteName=SiteName,ChamoruName=ChamoruName,SiteURL=ItemT.SiteURL
|where=ItemT.SiteTID=SiteT.SiteTID AND ItemT.ChamName=ChamoruNameT.ChamoruNameTID AND ItemT.ChamName=14
|order by=SiteT.SiteName,AccessionNumber
}}

Kottot

2026-10-31T00:28:29Z

Gehilo: /* Gallery */

Kottot<ref>[http://www.chamoru.info/dictionary/display.php?action=view&id=6199 Kottot - chamoru.info Dictionary]</ref> is a class of plaited basket that is loosely defined. It is of varying size and shape, plaited from [[Åkgak|åkgak]] leaves generally in a diagonal pattern, but examples exist of horizontal/vertical weave. It may or may not have a cover, and may or may not have handles of varying design and length. If a particular type of kottot has a specific use it may have a specific name applied to it such as [[Sigarerra|sigarerra]], [[Balakbak|balakbak]], or [[Kostat tengguang|kostat tengguang]]. Where as all of these are derived from various kottot, they are generally called by their specific names.

== Uses ==
Kottot is generally understood to be woven from åkgak leaves. It has many uses. It can be used for storage, displaying items, or for carrying things from place to place. It is generally used in modern times for holding one's måmå'on (betelnut), and is generally a four-sided basket.

== History ==
Although the kottot is not used in modern times as a common way of transporting items, it is sometimes seen being used in the community. The existence of kottot has been noted by chroniclers visiting the Marianas since the beginning, and one particular use is for storing rice. Kottot can be plaited from one width of strip entirely, or multiple strip sizes throughout the item depending on the weaver and the intended use. Generally work baskets are double plaited, meaning that the material is a two-ply thickness in both the left and right facing elements, and the rim of the kottot has either a rope reinforcement placed into the locking edge, or that the locking edge itself is twisted onto it's neighboring elements to increase the durability. Previously there were more names associated with kottot of varying usage and size, such as hagug (most likely hågok), sålu'u, and dånglon.

== Cultural significance ==
Kottot are used in modern times to store objects in the home, and as decorations. It is rare to see a kottot being carried in public as a container to transport items. Sometimes you can see them as display items during Mes Chamoru celebrations throughout the Marianas.

== 3D Rendering ==
[[File:Kottot_3D_model.glb|800px|Woven kottot James C. Bamba]]

== Gallery ==

<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
File:Kottot_01.jpg| Woven kottot, Smithsonian (E423145)
File:Kottot_02.jpg| Woven kottot, Smithsonian (E419033)
</gallery>

== Museum holdings ==

=== Ethnologisches Museum Berlin (The Ethnological Museum of Berlin) ===
* [https://ccc.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/en/item/EB27XQIPP4LPAGWKNAZ2KJ3JDM7J7UGT kottot with åkgak rope handles (VI 22473)]
* [https://ccc.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/en/item/MJZN6YDPJEDXXHW6ZLEGW4UJNE357UPS kottot (VI 20767)]
* [https://ccc.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/en/item/PRQDBOFIKSWASG5N6GBO6GEVW4C7WSQF kottot (VI 20768)]

=== Museo Nacional de Antropología – Madrid (Spain National Museum of Anthropology - Madrid) ===
* [https://ceres.mcu.es/pages/Main?idt=18101&inventary=CE6993&table=FMUS&museum=MNA kottot with åkgak handles (CE6993)]
* [https://ceres.mcu.es/pages/Main?idt=18103&inventary=CE6996&table=FMUS&museum=MNA kottot with åkgak handles (CE6996)]

=== National Museum of Natural History (NMNH - Smithsonian) ===
* [http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3d4e2ff4b-847f-4e3e-9799-a28d08c7012d kottot (E419033)]
* [http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3e9ec74da-f293-4908-ae98-f175c9d16476 kottot (E423145)]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Woven items]]
[[Category:Chamorro material culture]]
[[Category:Tinifok åkgak]]

File:guagua 01.jpg

2026-10-30T13:10:06Z

Gehilo: {{Information |description = Guagua' woven from hågon niyok displayed on hågon niyok. |author = James C. Bamba |source = |date = 05/07/2018 |credit = James C. Bamba |changes = |permission = }}

== Summary ==
{{Information
|description = Guagua' woven from hågon niyok displayed on hågon niyok.
|author = James C. Bamba
|source =
|date = 05/07/2018
|credit = James C. Bamba
|changes =
|permission =
}}
== Licensing ==
{{CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0}}

Guagua'

2026-10-30T13:04:02Z

Gehilo:

'''Guagua'''' is a Chamorro woven basket made from [niyok|hågon niyok].

[[File:guagua_01.jpg|thumb|Woven guagua'05/07/2018]]

== Museum holdings ==

{{#for_external_table:|
* Object #: [{{{SiteURL}}} {{{AccessionNumber}}}] Specimen Count:{{{Quantity}}} — {{{SiteName}}}
|source=my_db
|from=ItemT,SiteT,ChamoruNameT
|data=Quantity=ItemT.Quantity,AccessionNumber=AccessionNumber,SiteName=SiteName,ChamoruName=ChamoruName,SiteURL=ItemT.SiteURL
|where=ItemT.SiteTID=SiteT.SiteTID AND ItemT.ChamName=ChamoruNameT.ChamoruNameTID AND ItemT.ChamName=14
|order by=SiteT.SiteName,AccessionNumber
}}

File:Betelnutbasket.jpg

2026-10-30T12:59:18Z

Gehilo: {{Information |description = Uggam and pupulu displayed in a kottot. This is usually how it is provided at gatherings. |author = James C. Bamba |source = |date = 02/07/2016 |credit = James C. Bamba |changes = |permission = }}

== Summary ==
{{Information
|description = Uggam and pupulu displayed in a kottot. This is usually how it is provided at gatherings.
|author = James C. Bamba
|source =
|date = 02/07/2016
|credit = James C. Bamba
|changes =
|permission =
}}
== Licensing ==
{{CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0}}

Måmå'on

2026-10-30T12:56:39Z

Gehilo:

'''Måmå'on''' is the Chamorro word for cultural practice of chewing [[pugua'|pugua' (betelnut)]] with [[pupulu|pupulu (pepper leaf)]], and [[åfok|åfok (slaked lime)]]. It is a practice that goes back millenia. Generally, the pugua' mahetok (hard betelnut, mature seed) is extracted from the husk by cutting with [[tiheras pugua'|tiheras pugua' (betelnut scissors)]] or by biting the nut in half, and then in quarters. This portion of the seed is then either wrapped with pupulu, or not, and chewed. The inclusion of åfok is at the preference of the chewer. Generally all three components are used. In more modern times, pugua' mañaña' or soft betelnut (green immature fruits) are chewed more frequently. Interestingly, during dry season many chewers allow the "last" råsimu (raceme, but botanically a spadix) to mature because the fruits have a longer shelf life off the tree.

[[File:betelnutbasket.jpg|thumb|pugua' and pupulu in a kottot]]

Måmå'on

2026-10-30T12:48:20Z

Gehilo: Created page with "'''Åkgak''' is the Chamorro word for chewing pugua' (betelnut)"

'''Åkgak''' is the Chamorro word for chewing [[pugua'|pugua' (betelnut)]]

Lemmai

2026-10-26T12:42:02Z

Gehilo: Created page with "Lemmai - '''Artocarpus altilis'''"

Lemmai - '''Artocarpus altilis'''

Aka'on

2026-10-22T10:52:11Z

Gehilo: Redirect unaccented spelling to Akå'on.

#REDIRECT [[Akå'on]]

Akaon

2026-10-22T10:52:00Z

Gehilo: Redirect spelling variant to Akå'on.

#REDIRECT [[Akå'on]]

Akaom

2026-10-22T10:51:50Z

Gehilo: Redirect historical spelling to Akå'on.

#REDIRECT [[Akå'on]]

Pandanus guamensis

2026-10-22T10:51:38Z

Gehilo: Redirect to Akå'on.

#REDIRECT [[Akå'on]]

Akå'on

2026-10-22T10:51:21Z

Gehilo: Create reviewed Akå’on article with inline MediaWiki references and taxonomic history.

'''Akå’on''' is a type of ''Pandanus'' recognized by Chamorros among several distinct pandanus trees. It is valued for its sweet fruit keys, which are chewed and eaten out of hand, similarly to sugarcane.

The name comes from '''åka’''', meaning “to bite,” and the suffix '''-on''', expressing capability. Akå’on thus means “biteable,” or capable of being bitten, chewed, or gnawed.

== Cultural Use ==
Akå’on is cultivated for food. It is propagated vegetatively using crown cuttings planted in the ground. These develop into plants genetically identical to the mother tree, allowing people to maintain a favored tree through successive plantings.

The sweet fruit keys are eaten out of hand. This use is similar to that of edible pandanus known throughout Micronesia, such as '''bōb''' in the Marshall Islands.

== Botanical Information ==
Akå’on belongs to the genus ''Pandanus'', family '''Pandanaceae'''. Its identity within Chamorro plant knowledge should be distinguished from the changing scientific classifications applied to plants associated with its name.

=== History of scientific classification ===
'''1914 — ''Pandanus guamensis'' Martelli'''<br />
Martelli published this scientific name in ''Webbia''.<ref name="kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/671006-1 ''Pandanus guamensis'' Martelli]. ''Plants of the World Online''. Accessed 22 October 2026.</ref> It is the name Bowker subsequently associated with the Chamorro plant he spelled “akaom.”<ref name="bowker">Bowker, H. F. (1939). “Pandanaceae or Screwpines of Guam.” ''The Guam Recorder'', November, pp. 324–325, 344–345.</ref>

'''1939 — Bowker’s account'''<br />
H. F. Bowker distinguished “akaom” from cafo, pahong, paingot, and aggag. He described ovoid fruit heads and leaves lacking the tensile strength and whitish waxy coating of aggag. His account records observations and interpretations from that period.<ref name="bowker" />

'''1970 — Stone’s treatment under ''Pandanus fragrans'''''<br />
Benjamin C. Stone listed ''P. guamensis'' as a synonym under '''''P. fragrans'' forma ''savannarum''''', a form he had published in 1967.<ref name="stone">Stone, B. C. (1970). [https://micronesica.org/sites/default/files/floraguam.stone1970_0.pdf ''The Flora of Guam'']. ''Micronesica'' 6, p. 148.</ref>

'''1987 — Treatment under ''Pandanus tectorius'''''<br />
Fosberg, Sachet, and Oliver placed ''P. guamensis'' and ''P. fragrans'', including its forms, within '''''P. tectorius'''''.<ref name="fosberg">Fosberg, F. R.; Sachet, M.-H.; and Oliver, R. (1987). [https://www.micronesica.org/sites/default/files/ageographicalchecklist_fosbergev_2-_1-2o.pdf A Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Monocotyledonae]. ''Micronesica'' 20, pp. 23–25.</ref> Kew’s Plants of the World Online follows the 1987 checklist in treating ''P. guamensis'' as a synonym of ''P. tectorius''.<ref name="kew" />

These treatments document changes in botanical classification. They do not, by themselves, describe or eliminate the distinctions Chamorros recognize among akå’on and other pandanus plants.

== Gallery ==


== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Plants]]
[[Category:Pandanales]]
[[Category:Pandanaceae]]
[[Category:Pandanus]]

Bulbophyllum raulersoniae

2026-10-22T08:28:36Z

Gehilo: Cite the original 2022 species description by Deloso, Paulino and Cootes, with UOG-hosted paper.

{{Infobox plant
| name = Bulbophyllum raulersoniae
| kingdom = Plantae
| phylum = Streptophyta
| class = Equisetopsida
| subclass = Magnoliidae
| order = Asparagales
| family = Orchidaceae
| genus = Bulbophyllum
| species = B. raulersoniae
| binomial = Bulbophyllum raulersoniae
| authority = Deloso, Paulino & Cootes
| taxon_status = Accepted (Kew)
| taxonomy_source = [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77298655-1 Kew POWO / WCVP]<ref name="taxonomy" />
| lifeform = pseudobulbous epiphyte
| biome = wet tropical
| native_range = Marianas (Guam, Rota)
| first_published = OrchideenJ. 29: 53 (2022)
| ipni = [https://www.ipni.org/n/77298655-1 77298655-1]
| synonyms = [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77298655-1 See Kew for synonymy]
}}
This is a template page for '''Bulbophyllum raulersoniae'''. Scientific name: ''Bulbophyllum raulersoniae''.

For siboyas hålomtåno', see [[Siboyas hålomtåno']].

== Cultural Use ==
Needs updating.

== Botanical Information ==
The species was formally described in 2022 by Benjamin E. Deloso, Charles A. Paulino, and Jim Cootes in ''OrchideenJournal''.<ref name="original-description">Deloso, Benjamin E.; Paulino, Charles A.; and Cootes, Jim (2022). [https://www.uog.edu/_resources/files/news-and-announcements/2021-2022/2022-bulbophyllum-raulersoniae-orchideen-journal.pdf A new species of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) from the Mariana Islands of Guam and Rota]. ''OrchideenJournal'' 29(2): 52–57.</ref>

== Gallery ==

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="taxonomy">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77298655-1 Bulbophyllum raulersoniae]. Plants of the World Online and World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP), accessed 21 October 2026. Names and taxonomic data: [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ CC BY 3.0]. RBG Kew cannot warrant the quality or accuracy of the data.</ref>
</references>

[[Category:Plants]]
[[Category:Asparagales]]
[[Category:Orchidaceae]]
[[Category:Bulbophyllum]]

Zingiber officinale

2026-10-22T08:11:20Z